Hariharihariharivahana Lokeshvara Is A Form Of Arya Avalokitesvara

Hariharihariharivahana Lokeshvara is a unique and multifaceted form of Arya Avalokiteshvara, also known as Lokeshvara. Arya Avalokiteshvara is one of the 108 forms of Avalokiteshvara, the Bodhisattva of Compassion. Chenrezig and  Padmapani are his other common names. The main form is the pinnacle of compassion, mercy, and protection in Buddhism and thus, holds a significant place among the devotees.

In terms of Arya Avalokiteshvara, the term "Arya" signifies a noble or exalted status of the Bodhisattva. Although a form, the Arya manifestation retains Chenrezig's core essence: the embodiment of boundless compassion and mercy. Meanwhile, Hariharihariharivahana is counted as one of the more unusual forms of the former.

To gain a more profound appreciation for this deity's influence and the role he plays in spiritual practices, we encourage you to engage with this blog.

Geographical Origin of Hariharihariharivahana Lokeshvara

Hariharihariharivāhana Lokeśvará is of Nepali Buddhist tradition, particularly within the Newar culture of Nepal. This form is mainly associated with the local practices of compassion and protection. The term "Hari" is a significant term that emphasizes the deity's compassionate qualities. He is simply known as Harihari- vāhana or as Vişnukrānta Lokeśvara in the local communities.

In reference to the historical roots of Hariharivahana's idol presence, there is a large bronze sculpture of him is preserved in the National Museum, Chauni. His other image in bronze and stone is also available at Swayambhunath Stupa  in Kathmandu. In addition to the two important location in the Nepalese capital, there are idols of him at Kwa Bahal, and Oku Bahal in Patan. Another significant image of Lokeśvara is at Changu Narayan Temple, near Bhaktapur. This particular form reflects the unique syncretism of Buddhist and Hindu influences in Nepal, where Avalokiteshvara is revered as a protector and savior figure.

Origin Story of Hariharihariharivahana Lokeshvara 

According to Svayambhu Purana, the legend of Vişnukrānta Lokeśvara goes like this:

When Bodhisattva Manjushri drained the Nagahrada lake, which created the present-day Kathmandu Valley, all Nagarajas became angry. Out of all Nagas, Nagaraja Takshaka was the furious one out of all. He was unable to be pacified by Bodhisattva Samantabhadra, thus, the former unleashed his wrath, killing many people and animals. For this violence, he developed leprosy, prompting him to repent and pray to Avalokiteshvara to cleanse his karma. His devotion was rewarded with healing.

One day, as Takshaka was sitting relaxed by a river, a hungry Garuda attempted to devour him. The two engaged in a fierce battle, with the Naga King nearly drowning Garuda in the river. In desperation, Garuda invoked Lord Vishnu, who arrived to assist, and was about to kill the serpent with his Sudarshana Chakra. Takshaka, sensing defeat, prayed to Avalokiteshvara, who immediately appeared on his lion mount. Recognizing the compassionate Bodhisattva, Lord Vishnu respectfully cast aside his celestial weapon and bowed before him. Both Takṣaka and Garuda then retreated, ending their conflict.

It was after that Vishnu Narayan offered himself as a vehicle to the Bodhisattva of Compassion and in turn Garuda offered the same. A brave lion offered himself as a vehicle to Garuda. The Naga King then stepped in as a vehicle of the lion. This amalgamation of this four-layered mount of Avalokiteshvara on Vishnu, Vishnu on Garuda, Garuda on the lion, followed by the lion on Takshaka gave life to the new form of Avalokiteshavara, the Hariharihariharivahana Lokeshvara.

Symbolism and Iconography of Hari Hari Hari Vahana Lokeshvara

The art and symbolism associated with Hari Hari Hari Vahana Lokeshvara often reflect a blend of deep-rooted cultural influences. His imagery conveys a profound message of compassion fused with an unwavering commitment to guiding practitioners on the path to enlightenment. Through this unique form, he is honored as an unwavering source of protection, peace, and mercy, revered for his role as a guardian of both the spiritual and material worlds.

1. Four-Fold Mount: The serpent, lion, Garuda, and Vishnu stacked as a mount represent strength, flight, and the transcendental power of Vishnu. Each layer symbolizes an aspect of cosmic protection:

• Serpent King Takshaka symbolizes transformation and power.
• The Lion symbolizes strength, courage, and the protection of the Dharma.
• Garuda, a mythical bird, represents wisdom and flight, often associated with overcoming ignorance.
• Vishnu, the preserver, embodies compassion, linking the deity to Avalokiteshvara's nature as the Bodhisattva of Compassion.

2. Six Hands and Their Symbolic Objects: In this form, Hari Hari Hari Vahana Lokeshvara holds items in his six hands that each represent an aspect of compassion or protection:

• First Right Hand: Performs a mudra symbolizing teaching or blessing, guiding sentient beings toward enlightenment.
• Second Right Hand: Holds a prayer bead mala, signifying Chenrezig's commitment to liberating beings from suffering.
• Third Right Hand: Often holds a symbolic gesture or mudra that prevents rebirth in lower realms, embodying compassion.
• First Left Hand: Holds a stick, a symbol of strength to deter negative influences.
• Second Left Hand: Carries the skin of a black deer, symbolizing renunciation and peacefulness.
• Third Left Hand: Holds a bottle, often representing the elixir of immortality and spiritual growth.

Ritual and Practice: Devotion to Hari Hari Hari Vahana Lokeshvara

In Tibetan Buddhism, devotees invoke Hari Hari Hari Vahana Lokeshvara through meditation, visualization, and chanting practices to cultivate qualities of strength, protection, and compassion. By meditating on this deity, practitioners align themselves with Lokeshavara's protective and compassionate energy, helping them overcome personal challenges and assist others in times of suffering.

Meanwhile, Benoytosh Bhattacharyya suggest:

" The worshipper should think himself as the Harihariharivahana form of god Avalokiteśvara, white in all limbs, with the Jatamukuta (crown of matted hair) and clad in graceful garment. He cites the Tathagata as witness with one of his right hands, carries the rosary in the second, and instructs deluded people with the third. He carries the staff in one of his left hands, the deer-skin in the second and the Kamandalu in the third. He sits on the shoulder of Vishnu below who there are Garuda and the lion."

Iconographic Variations Across Regions

In Tibetan art, depictions of Hari Hari Hari Vahana Lokeshvara often vary depending on the region and the artist’s interpretation. Commonly found in thangkas, these depictions highlight regional stylistic elements and spiritual influences:

• Central Tibet: Artwork from Central Tibet often emphasizes a serene expression and meticulous detail in the deity’s mounts, symbolizing the serenity and stability he offers.
• Nepalese Art: Newar artists in Nepal depict Hari Hari Hari Hari Vahana Lokeshvara with intricate detailing and vibrant colors. Meanwhile, the Naga King may be kept a miss thus, making the composite form Hari Hari Hari Vahana.

His iconography reflects not only compassion but also the cultural and religious interconnectivity of the regions.

The Spiritual Meaning of Hari Hari Hari Vahana Lokeshvara in Daily Life

The qualities embodied by Hari Hari Hari Vahana Lokeshvara are: strength, wisdom, and compassion. All these qualities hold practical value for a sentient being seeking spiritual fortitude in daily life. Devotees view the deity’s triple to quadruple mount as a reminder that, just as Avalokiteshvara supports all beings, they too can cultivate qualities that uplift themselves and others. This form encourages individuals to embody transformation (Takshaka), resilience (lion), insight (Garuda), and preservation (Vishnu), nurturing a balanced approach to life’s challenges.

Conclusion: The Enduring Legacy of Hari Hari Hari Vahana Lokeshvara

Hari Hari Hari Hari Vahana Lokeshvara is more than a deity; he is a symbol of the unbreakable bond between strength and compassion in spiritual practice. His triple to quadruple mount and six-handed iconography serve as timeless reminders that in a world of challenges, protection and compassion must coexist. By venerating this form of Avalokiteshvara, devotees find guidance in balancing the fierce courage of the lion, the soaring wisdom of Garuda, and the compassionate preservation embodied by Vishnu.

For those seeking protection, inner strength, and spiritual growth, Hari Hari Hari Vahana Lokeshvara offers an enduring path to embodying compassion in all facets of life. As the world changes, the teachings symbolized by this deity continue to resonate, reminding practitioners that true strength lies in a compassionate heart.